Sjögren’s Syndrome is the most common disease that causes xerostomia. Sjögren’s Syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which a person’s own antibodies attack their salivary and lacrimal glands. The result is xerostomia and dry eyes. This disease occurs primarily in postmenopausal women. Other diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, and thyroid dysfunction can all cause xerostomia. Stress, anxiety, depression and nutritional deficiencies can also lead to varying degrees of dry mouth.

The first step in the management of xerostomia is to identify the underlying cause. If the dry mouth cannot be reversed, the next step is symptomatic treatment which includes increasing any existing salivary flow, replacing lost saliva, controlling dental caries and treating any oral infections. In order to increase existing salivary flow, patients may suck on sugarless candies or chew sugarless gum. Patients should also sip water frequently throughout the day. There are several over the counter saliva substitutes that can be used to replace lost saliva and thus lubricate the mouth. Prescription products can be used in severe cases. Patients with xerostomia should avoid sugary foods and acidic foods or beverages because of their increased susceptibility to dental caries. Regular dental visits and proper oral hygiene are essential to the treatment process. Patients should brush and floss regularly, and report any unusual findings to their dentist. Patients are also encouraged to refrain from eating spicy foods and using tobacco and alcohol, as these things only serve to dry the mouth more.

Xerostomia is a common problem that if left untreated, can significantly decrease a person’s quality of life. However, with proper dental care, patient education, and appropriate treatment, the effects of xerostomia can be adequately reduced.